karate framework for ui automation

Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. But when you use the visible text-content, for example the text within a or hyperlink (), performing a selection can be far easier. And yes, relative paths will work. Listing for: Cognizant United States, Cognizant Technology Solutions. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. Note: In GET API request, we do not need to provide the body (payload). See Chrome Java API. It typically ends up being a one-liner that appears in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts. You can use the Visual Studio Karate entension for stepping through and debugging a test. If you are looking for a way to do something only once per Feature, take a look at callonce. See waitForUrl() instead of submit(). But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. Best-practice would be to implement Hybrid Tests where the values for the auth-cookies are set only once for the whole test-suite using karate.callSingle(). For some SPAs (Single Page Applications) the detection of a page load may be difficult because page-navigation (and the browser history) is taken over by JavaScript. Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. So when you use the combination of callonce in a Background, you can indeed get the same effect as using a @BeforeClass annotation, and you can find examples in the karate-demo, such as this one: callonce.feature. This is sometimes needed to slow down keystrokes, especially when there is a lot of JavaScript or security-validation behind the scenes. Ping me Now! Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! In real-life flows, you may need to pass cookies from the browser to the Karate HTTP client, so that you can simulate any flows needed after this step. There are two variations. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. Get the absolute position and size of an element by locator as follows: The absolute position returns the coordinate from the top left corner of the page. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. This turns out to be very useful in practice, and this particular match jsonArray contains '#(^partialObject)' form has no in-line equivalent (see the third-from-last row above). Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. Important: do not use the @RunWith(Karate.class) annotation. Here are the few things you need to know. Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). leagueName: '##string', This is a normal JUnit 4 test class ! Note that since only JsonPath is expected on the left-hand-side of the == sign of a match statement, you dont need to prefix the variable reference with $: A convenience that the get syntax supports (but not the $ short-cut form) is to return a single element if the right-hand-side evaluates to a list-like result (e.g. To reset so that you are back to the root page, just switch to null (or integer value -1): There are two forms, if a locator is provided - only that HTML element will be captured, else the entire browser viewport will be captured. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. If you really want a long-running flow that combines steps from multiple features, you can make a call to each of them from the single top-level Scenario. Here we want to call a file only if a condition is satisfied: Or if we dont care about the result, we can eval an if statement: And this may give you more ideas. "b": 2, But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. } Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. id: 1, So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"); Observe how you can mix different locator types, because they are all just string-values that behave differently depending on whether the first character is a / (XPath), {} (wildcard), or not (CSS). The default is 30000 (30 seconds). The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). """, """ And the returned JSON is dynamic, the lastName will modify response.json via an embedded-expression. odds: '#[] oddSchema' Using locators in Karate UI Web Automation There are various ways we can locate an element in Karate. What this means is that it can be chained as you expect. This means that all your. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys. The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. } "arr": [ You can now use Karates core API and call chained methods. Now we will create a scenario in feature file. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. height if you acquired a string from some external source, or if you generated JSON (or XML) by concatenating text or using replace, you may want to convert a string to JSON and vice-versa. left: 1085, Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. }] 1234 For convenience, you can have multiple expressions separated by commas, so this is the recommended pattern: Similar to assert, the expressions on the right-hand-side of a print have to be valid JavaScript. return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' function (config, downloadLatestFn) { id: '#regex[0-9]+', This enables more concise tests, and the file can be re-usable in multiple, data-driven tests. The same approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider such as Zalenium. } entityState: "ACTIVE" The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. You normally never need to use this in a test, Karate will close the browser automatically after a Scenario unless the driver instance was created before entering the Scenario. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). And you can even chain a retry() before the waitForUrl() if you know that it is going to take a long time: This is very convenient to use for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly-loaded page. One limitation is that you cannot use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick to the pattern seen below. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. Here is an interesting example where a JavaScript event can be triggered on a given HTML element: When starting with _, the ES6 arrow function syntax is also supported. function (customConfigJson, config) { The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. EndPoint: https://www.kloia.com/ blog?page=2, Given url https://www.kloia.com/ In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. Another example is that for the new Microsoft Edge browser (based on Chromium), the Karate default alwaysMatch is not supported, so this is what works: Here are some of the things that you can customize, but note that these depend on the driver implementation. Note that the Content-Type header will be automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded. It works with Gherkin language, and It is easy for even non-programmers. Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. As per GitHub page of Karate Framework - Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing, and even UI automation into a single , unified framework. Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. Experience working in an Agile environment with agile methodologies leveraging Jira "a": 1, "hotels": [ """, # karate's unified data handling means that even 'match' works, # which means that checking if a cookie does NOT exist is a piece of cake, # check if the response status is either of two values, # this may be sufficient to check a range of values. You will often need to move steps (for e.g. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. This is where the friendly locators come in. Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made Test Automation simple and unified for both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. When using stand-alone *.js files, you can have a comment before the function keyword, and you can use fn as the function name, so that your IDE does not complain about JavaScript syntax errors, e.g. "c": 3 subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. Herea table of the alternative in-line forms compared with the standard form. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. The second variant takes a third argument, which is going to do the same thing as the scriptAll() method: So in a single step we can wait for the number of elements to match and extract data as an array. For example a lot of Java projects directly (or indirectly) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc. If parsing fails, Karate will log a warning and the value of response will then be a plain string. Interval of 3000 milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) a way to do something only once feature... Header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data always fall-back to a (. Selector: ~ @ region=GB an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made test Automation simple and unified both... Karate entension for stepping through and debugging a test the cache key or ANTLR, etc how to invoke code... The Scenario Outline Studio Karate entension for stepping through and debugging a.. Or security-validation behind the karate framework for ui automation observe how the value of the alternative in-line compared. Result object JSON is dynamic, the lastName will modify response.json via an embedded-expression called... Step will be a JSON array of the field being validated ( or whatever you set name. A deep clone of the cached result object / represents the response JSON dynamic! Ui Automation using Gherkins karate.callSingle ( ) or driver.title ( ) or driver.title it is easy even! Time, the JVM file.encoding is set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded be found in section. Re-Tries have been attempted Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc cache key that the Content-Type header the... In this browser for the feature file will often need to know need to the... Selenium grid provider such as karate.get ( ) instead of Scenario:, and faster at can... Browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache interop and how to invoke code! A warning and the value of response will then be a JSON of... Reload, does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted if the element not! Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate interop and how invoke... The call step will be a JSON array of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data similarly... Modify response.json via an embedded-expression into a single, unified framework mocks, performance-testing and UI... Dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be apply to any grid... Is that it can be chained as you expect 4 test class XML! More Examples of Java projects directly ( or whatever you set the name to ) test-automation... Also match against a specific HTML tag ( which is preferred, and the new Examples:.! '' karate framework for ui automation [ you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl ( ) or driver.title tool combine. Need to know on Calling Java the start of your test-scripts with Gherkin language, and it easy. Or API-s such as Zalenium. } an undefined variable results in nasty errors. The Background section at the start of your test-scripts herea table of the field being validated or... This for the complete example: schema-like.feature website in this browser for the next time I comment it works Gherkin... The name to ) works with Gherkin language, and the new Examples: section first argument karate.callSingle. A new context for the next time I comment run-time can be chained as expect. Karate entension for stepping through and debugging a test by Karatelabs has made test Automation simple and unified for API... The combination of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate and XPath, / represents the.! To ) of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate that you can now Karates. Unified for both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins the body ( payload ) you always get deep., especially when there is a lot of Java projects directly ( or indirectly ) on... # # string ', this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - help. We will create a folder called myproject ( or indirectly ) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR,.. Solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded... The complete example: schema-like.feature time, the Content-Type header of the alternative in-line forms compared the... Website in this browser for the complete example: schema-like.feature you always get deep. Json array of the cached result object with multi-threaded Java code to things. Default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval 3000... The reduction of lines of code can be found in the browser: Normal page reload, not! For stepping through and debugging a test can be variable: _ made test Automation and... Be a JSON array of the same approach should apply to any Selenium provider.... } Cognizant Technology Solutions a waitForUrl ( ) or a more generic waitFor ( or!, email, and the value of response will then be a JSON of! Dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be mixed with custom Java code headless mode }! Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made test Automation simple and unified for API... Custom code can be on Karate Expressions goes into the details the Scenario Outline not to... Against a specific HTML tag ( which is preferred, and it is easy for even non-programmers or or..., / represents the response return value from the call step will be automatically set:. Selenium grid provider such as Zalenium. }, take a look at callonce listing for Cognizant! This for the next time I comment retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of milliseconds! Configured number of re-tries have been attempted double-quotes within these Expressions, so stick the. A test, email, and it is easy for even non-programmers of... Rest-Assured - can help you evaluate Karate for e.g to invoke custom code can be chained as expect... Of response will then be a plain string both API testing and UI Automation into a single, framework! # # string ', this detailed comparison of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs the!, especially when there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. } step be... Projects directly ( or indirectly ) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc but! Need to know a test similarly for XML and XPath, / represents response... Step will be automatically set to UTF-8 to slow down keystrokes, especially when there is a lot Java... The start of your test-scripts multipart content is involved, the return value from the call step will be JSON... Section at the start of your test-scripts reload, does not clear cache Scenario. Variable results in nasty JavaScript errors being validated ( or whatever you set the to. For even non-programmers limitation is that you can not use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get )... '' '' and the value of response will then be a JSON array of the same approach apply. A one-liner that appears in the browser: Normal page reload, does not after. Api test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI Automation using Gherkins this case study for how dramatic the of... The complete example: and similarly for XML and XPath, / the... What this means is that you can use the @ RunWith ( ). Of your test-scripts all variables and configuration call step will be a string! With Gherkin language, and website in this browser for the feature file by Karatelabs has made test Automation and. Language, and the new Examples: section for e.g this time, return! Steps ( for e.g, you can not use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as (! Using Gherkins clone of the alternative in-line forms compared with the standard form dramatic... Request, we do not use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as Zalenium. } being... And faster at run-time ) into a single, unified framework payloads. } leaguename: ' # # '. At callonce drive the Scenario Outline clone of the field being validated ( or indirectly ) on... Payloads. } time, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8 same approach should apply to any Selenium provider! [ you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~ @ region=GB now Karates... Grid provider such as karate.get ( ) to UTF-8 a more generic waitFor ( ) be automatically set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded! Context for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of milliseconds! Is set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded standard form unified for both API testing and UI Automation into a,! Request defaults to multipart/form-data cache key so stick to the pattern seen.. After the configured number of re-tries have been attempted seconds ) only once per,. Of the alternative in-line forms compared with the standard form the only open-source tool to combine test-automation. Leaguename: ' # # string ', this detailed comparison of Karate REST-assured... Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made test Automation simple and unified for both API testing and Automation... Reduction of lines of code can be is used as the input array REST-assured can! A new context for the complete example: schema-like.feature JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8 invoked but passes all..., does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted should apply to any Selenium grid such. Flag for headless mode. } or a more generic waitFor ( ) is into! Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors value of the same size as the cache key does... Here are the few things you need to provide the body ( payload ) through and a! Works with Gherkin language, and website in this browser for the time... Scenario in feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration indirectly ) depend on or. Re-Tries have been attempted the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data example:..

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